Uterine fibroids are very common among women, especially during their reproductive years. Many women live with fibroids without even realising it, while others experience symptoms that can affect their periods, comfort, fertility, and overall quality of life. Hearing the word “fibroids” can naturally feel scary, but it’s important to know that most fibroids are non-cancerous and can be managed effectively with the right medical care.
In this blog, we break down everything you need to know about uterine fibroids — what they are, the symptoms to watch for, how they are diagnosed, and the treatment options available — in a simple and reassuring way.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, medically known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They can be as small as a pea or large enough to change the shape of the uterus.
Fibroids may grow:
- Within the uterine wall
- On the outer surface of the uterus
- Inside the uterine cavity
Some women never experience symptoms, while others may need treatment depending on the size, number, and location of the fibroids.
Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids
Fibroid symptoms vary from woman to woman. While some remain symptom-free, others may notice changes that affect daily life.
Common symptoms include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Painful periods or pelvic cramps
- A feeling of pressure or heaviness in the lower abdomen
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation
- Pain during intercourse
- Difficulty conceiving or repeated miscarriages
If these symptoms begin to interfere with your routine or comfort, it’s important to consult a gynecologist.
What Causes Uterine Fibroids?
The exact cause of fibroids isn’t fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk:
- Hormonal imbalance, especially estrogen and progesterone
- Family history of fibroids
- Early onset of menstruation
- Obesity and lifestyle factors
Fibroids often grow during reproductive years and may shrink naturally after menopause as hormone levels decline.
How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?
Fibroids are usually detected during a routine gynecological examination or when a woman seeks medical advice for symptoms.
Common diagnostic tests include:
- Ultrasound – the most common and easily available test
- Pelvic MRI – for detailed information about size and location
- Hysteroscopy – to examine fibroids inside the uterus
- Blood tests – especially if heavy bleeding has caused anaemia
Early diagnosis helps doctors choose the most effective and least invasive treatment.
Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids
Fibroid treatment is always personalised. The choice depends on your symptoms, age, fibroid size, fertility plans, and overall health.
1. Observation (Watchful Waiting)
If fibroids are small and symptom-free, your doctor may simply monitor them with regular check-ups.
2. Medications
Medications may help:
- Reduce heavy bleeding
- Manage pain
- Temporarily shrink fibroids
However, medicines usually control symptoms rather than remove fibroids completely.
3. Hormonal Therapy
Hormonal treatments help regulate periods and reduce bleeding, improving comfort and quality of life.
4. Laparoscopic or Minimally Invasive Surgery
For women with troublesome symptoms, laparoscopic fibroid removal offers:
- Smaller cuts and minimal scarring
- Less pain after surgery
- Faster recovery
- Better preservation of fertility
5. Myomectomy
This surgery removes fibroids while keeping the uterus intact, making it a preferred option for women planning future pregnancy.
6. Hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus is considered only when:
- Fibroids are very large
- Symptoms are severe and persistent
- Family planning is complete
Your gynecologist will help you choose the safest and most suitable option.
Can Uterine Fibroids Affect Fertility?
Yes, in some cases fibroids may:
- Block the fallopian tubes
- Interfere with implantation
- Increase the risk of miscarriage
Treating fibroids often improves fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
When Should You See a Gynecologist?
You should seek medical advice if you experience:
- Very heavy or long-lasting periods
- Severe pelvic pain
- Difficulty conceiving
- Sudden increase in abdominal size
- Symptoms affecting your daily life
Early consultation often means simpler treatment and better results.
Conclusion
Uterine fibroids are common, manageable, and rarely dangerous. With timely diagnosis and the right treatment approach, most women go on to live healthy, comfortable lives.
If you suspect fibroids or are experiencing symptoms, don’t delay seeking medical care. A trusted gynecologist can guide you through safe, effective treatment options and help you regain confidence and control over your reproductive health.
FAQs
1. Are uterine fibroids cancerous?
No, fibroids are almost always non-cancerous.
2. Can fibroids disappear on their own?
Small fibroids may shrink naturally, especially after menopause.
3. Is surgery always required for fibroids?
No. Many fibroids can be managed with medication or regular monitoring.
4. Can I get pregnant if I have fibroids?
Yes, many women conceive successfully after proper treatment.
5. Can fibroids come back after treatment?
Some fibroids may recur, but regular follow-ups help manage them effectively.